Pediatric ATI Practice Exam

For a 6-month-old with colic and vomiting being tested for intussusception, which treatment method is most appropriate?

1. Intravenous fluid replacement

2. Barium enema

3. Electrolyte rehydration therapy

4. Surgical intervention

The correct answer is: Barium enema

In cases of suspected intussusception, especially in infants, a barium enema can serve both a diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. This procedure involves the introduction of a barium solution into the intestines via the rectum. It can help visualize the intestines on X-ray imaging to confirm the diagnosis of intussusception by showing the obstruction or telescoping of the bowel. Additionally, a barium enema can sometimes reduce the intussusception on its own, as the pressure from the barium may help to unfold the telescoped section of the intestine. This non-invasive approach is often preferred in cases of early diagnosis in infants because it can treat the condition without the need for invasive surgical procedures. While intravenous fluid replacement, electrolyte rehydration therapy, and surgical intervention can be part of the broader management plan in cases of intussusception, especially if complications arise or if there is evidence of bowel compromise, the immediate and appropriate action for diagnosing and potentially addressing intussusception would be to perform a barium enema. Hence, this method is particularly suited for a 6-month-old exhibiting symptoms suggestive of this serious gastrointestinal condition.