Pediatric ATI Practice Exam

What symptom might indicate complications in a child with congenital heart disease?

1. Hypertension

2. Pallor

3. Fever

4. Cyanosis

The correct answer is: Cyanosis

Cyanosis is a significant symptom that can indicate complications in a child with congenital heart disease. It occurs when there is insufficient oxygen in the blood, leading to a bluish tint to the skin, especially in areas like the lips, face, and extremities. In congenital heart disease, structural abnormalities in the heart can lead to poor oxygenation of blood, resulting in cyanosis. This symptom can suggest various issues, including right-to-left shunting (where deoxygenated blood bypasses the lungs and enters systemic circulation), which can occur in certain congenital heart defects, such as tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great vessels. Detecting cyanosis is crucial because it often indicates that the child's oxygen supply is compromised and may require immediate medical attention. While hypertension, pallor, and fever can also be important indicators of health issues in children, cyanosis specifically points to problems related to oxygen delivery and may signal urgent complications in the context of congenital heart disease. It is essential for healthcare providers to be vigilant about this symptom to ensure timely assessment and intervention.