Pediatric ATI Practice Exam

Which assessment finding in an infant with pneumonia should the nurse prioritize reporting to the provider?

1. Nasal flaring

2. WBC 11,300

3. Diarrhea

4. Abdominal distension

The correct answer is: Nasal flaring

Nasal flaring is a significant assessment finding in an infant with pneumonia as it indicates increased work of breathing and respiratory distress. This is a physiological response where the nostrils widen during inhalation to enhance airflow and oxygenation. In infants, who have a limited ability to compensate for respiratory problems, nasal flaring suggests that the body is struggling to obtain adequate oxygen, requiring prompt intervention. Effective respiratory function is critical in infants, especially when they are dealing with conditions like pneumonia that already compromise lung function. Reporting nasal flaring to the provider quickly allows for timely assessment and possible escalation in treatment, which could include supplemental oxygen or other respiratory support. The other findings, while potentially concerning in their own right, do not demonstrate the immediate and urgent need for intervention that nasal flaring does. White blood cell counts can be elevated in infections, but a count of 11,300 is not critically high for pneumonia. Diarrhea and abdominal distension might require attention if they are causing significant distress or dehydration, but they are not as urgent in the context of respiratory distress as nasal flaring is in this scenario.